Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) is a broadband network architecture that delivers high-speed internet, TV, and telephone services directly to residences using optical fiber. It offers superior speed, reliability, and bandwidth compared to traditional copper-based solutions like DSL or cable.
1. Optical Line Terminal (OLT) – Located at the service provider’s central office, it manages the fiber connection.
2. Optical Network Terminal (ONT) / Optical Network Unit (ONU) – Installed at the customer’s premises to convert optical signals to electrical signals for devices.
3. Passive Optical Network (PON) – A cost-effective architecture that splits fiber signals to multiple users without active components.
3.1 GPON (Gigabit PON) – Offers up to 2.5 Gbps download speeds.
3.2 XGS-PON (10G PON) – Supports symmetrical 10 Gbps speeds.
3.3 NG-PON2 (Next-Gen PON) – Future-proof with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
4. Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) – Splits and distributes fiber cables.
5. Drop Cables & Connectors – Connect the last-mile fiber to homes.
Applications:
1. Residential broadband
2. IPTV & video-on-demand
3. Telemedicine & remote education
4. Smart city infrastructure
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